水平分支注浆孔卡埋钻事故处理实践          下载免费PDF全文

石逊  刘江  李红梅  伍晓龙  王雷浩 《探矿工程》2020,47(9):33-38

近年来煤矿奥灰治水注浆定向钻进技术发展迅速，多分支超深水平注浆孔数量激增。在水平注浆孔施工过程中，普遍存在地层漏失量大，泥浆突然失返，小径钻孔裸孔段长，水平段孔眼轨迹复杂，控制难度大，靶点技术误差要求严，定向仪器、工具等价格昂贵，施工风险相对较高，极易发生埋钻卡钻事故。一旦发生卡钻事故，就会面临着处理周期长、处理难度大等问题，传统的卡埋钻处理方法在水平注浆孔中应用效果不明显。通过采用空压机输送压缩空气，破坏水平孔着床的沉砂结构，将着床的沉砂吹出孔外或吹入地层裂隙，成功地实现了解卡。总结了水平注浆孔施工中卡埋钻事故的预防措施。  相似文献   

Selection of sand models and identification of parameters using an enhanced genetic algorithm          下载免费PDF全文

Yin‐Fu Jin  Zhen‐Yu Yin  Shui‐Long Shen  Pierre‐Yves Hicher 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(8):1219-1240

Numerous constitutive models of granular soils have been developed during the last few decades. As a consequence, how to select an appropriate model with the necessary features based on conventional tests and with an easy way of identifying parameters for geotechnical applications has become a major issue. This paper aims to discuss the selection of sand models and parameters identification by using genetic algorithm. A real‐coded genetic algorithm is enhanced for the optimization with high efficiency. Models with gradually varying features (elastic‐perfectly plastic modelling, nonlinear stress–strain hardening, critical state concept and two‐surface concept) are selected from numerous sand models as examples for optimization. Conventional triaxial tests on Hostun sand are selected as the objectives in the optimization. Four key points are then discussed in turn: (i) which features are necessary to be accounted for in constitutive modelling of sand; (ii) which type of tests (drained and/or undrained) should be selected for an optimal identification of parameters; (iii) what is the minimum number of tests that should be selected for parameter identification; and (iv) what is the suitable and least strain level of objective tests to obtain reliable and reasonable parameters. Finally, a useful guide, based on all comparisons, is provided at the end of the discussion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Genealogy of hypoplasticity and barodesy          下载免费PDF全文

Dimitrios Kolymbas  Gertraud Medicus 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(18):2532-2550

This article is an attempt at providing an insight into the development of hypoplasticity (including barodesy, which is a recent development of hypoplasticity) as a theory elaborated since 1977, when the first version was published by the first author, until present. The multiplicity of the many versions published since then is hard to overlook. This article presents a review and insight into the evolution of a theory and the struggle to formulate a satisfactory constitutive law. Among the many proposed versions, we focus on those ones that can be seen as changes of paradigm. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Explicit stress–strain equations for modeling frictional materials     

Kenneth J. Xu  Martin D. Liu  Buddhima Indraratna 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(6):722-734

In this paper, a comprehensive study on simulating the shearing behavior of frictional materials is performed. A set of two explicit equations, describing the relationship among the shear stress ratio and the distortional strain and the volumetric strain, are formulated independently. The equations contain three stress parameters and three strain parameters and another parameter representing the nonuniformity of stress and strain during softening. All the parameters have clear physical significance and can be determined experimentally. It is demonstrated that the proposed equations have the capacity of simulating the complicated shearing behavior of many types of frictional materials including geomaterials. The proposed equations are used to simulate the stress–strain behavior for 27 frictional materials with 98 tests. These materials include soft and stiff clays in both reconstituted and structured states, silicon sands and calcareous sands, silts, compacted fill materials, volcanic soils, decomposed granite soils, cemented soils (both artificially and naturally cemented), partially saturated soils, ballast, rocks, reinforced soils, tire chips, sugar, wheat, and rapeseed. It has been demonstrated that the proposed explicit constitutive equations have the capacity to capture accurately the shearing behavior of frictional materials both qualitatively and quantitatively. A study on model parameters has been performed.  相似文献   

砂土液化大变形本构模型及在ABAQUS软件上的实现   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

庄海洋  陈国兴 《世界地震工程》2011,27(2)

基于Yang和E lgam al等人提出的砂土液化大变形本构模型,对该模型的建立过程进行了详细的推导,基于新的嵌套屈服面硬化规则,对原有模型的硬化规则的不连续性做了改进,把该本构模型扩展应用到三维液化大变形的数值分析中,实现了基于ABAQUS大型商用软件计算平台上砂土液化大变形的计算子程序的开发,基于该计算平台和开发的本构模型,对动三轴试验体系中砂土试样的液化过程进行了数值试验分析,给出了试验过程中试样的竖向动位移、整体竖向应力应变关系滞回曲线和动孔压时程曲线的数值计算结果。文中初步验证了该模型在ABAQUS上开发的子程序的可靠性和数值计算模型的可行性,模型的可靠性及其子程序的稳定性还需通过试验结果和数值计算结果的对比分析与进一步验证。  相似文献   

新疆西准噶尔布龙果尔古油藏的发现及其石油地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

匡立春  齐雪峰 《地质学报》2011,85(2):224-233

本文记述了首次在西准噶尔布龙果尔地区发现的古油藏基本地质情况,探讨古油藏产出的地质层位及时代归属,对古油藏油源问题进行了初步分析,在此基础上提出古油藏成藏预测模式.认为上古生界古油藏所在的和布克河组一段地质时代为晚泥盆世法门期,中生界古油藏产出层位为下侏罗统八道湾组;推断和布克河组古油藏油源可能来自中泥盆统呼吉尔斯特组...  相似文献   

The chemical composition including the Rare Earth Elements of the three major glass types of Europe and the Orient used in late antiquity and the Middle Ages     

Karl Hans Wedepohl  Klaus Simon  Andreas Kronz 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2011,71(3):289-296

Sets of 20 soda ash glasses, 16 soda lime glasses and 23 wood ash glasses mainly from excavations in Europe (additional soda ash glasses from Egypt) were analysed on 61 chemical elements. Average SiO₂ is about 62% in soda glasses and 50% in wood ash glasses. The three groups of glasses contain on average 13% Na₂O, 18% Na₂O and 13% K₂O as fluxes to lower the melting temperature of quartz at their production. The starting materials beside quartz were halophytic plant ash for soda ash glass, trona (Na₃H(CO₃)₂·2H₂O) and lime (clamshells) for soda lime glass and beech ash for wood ash glass. Each of the three major glass types contains specific Rare Earth Element (REE) concentrations mainly contained in quartz and its intergrown minerals. 50 Paleozoic and Mesozoic sandstones from Central Europe represent the quartz composition. The REE pattern of these glasses apparently indicates major compositional stages of the Continental Earth's Crust. The boron to lithium and sodium to potassium ratios as in seawater suggest reactions of materials for soda glass with seawater. Negative Ce anomalies in the three glasses are caused by reactions of quartz with seawater.  相似文献   

Modelling controls on aeolian dune‐field pattern evolution     

ERIN EASTWOOD  JOANNA NIELD  ANDREAS BAAS  GARY KOCUREK 《Sedimentology》2011,58(6):1391-1406

A second‐generation, source‐to‐sink cellular automaton‐based model presented here captures and quantifies many of the factors controlling the evolution of aeolian dune‐field patterns by varying only a small number of parameters. The role of sediment supply, sediment availability and transport capacity (together defined as sediment state) in the development and evolution of an aeolian dune‐field pattern over long time scales is quantified from model simulations. Seven dune‐field patterns can be classified from simulation results varying the sediment supply and transport capacity that control the type and frequency of dune interactions, the sediment availability of the system and, ultimately, the development of dune‐field patterns. This model allows predictions to be made about the range of sediment supply and wind strengths required to produce the dune‐field patterns seen in the real world. A new clustered dune‐field pattern is identified from model results and used to propose an alternative mechanism for the formation of superimposed dunes. Bedforms are hypothesized to cluster together, simultaneously forming two spatial scales of bedforms without first developing a large basal dune with small superimposed dunes. Manipulation of boundary conditions produces evolving dune fields with different spatial configurations of sediment supply. Trends of spacing and crest length increase with decreasing variability as the dune field matures. This simple model is a valuable tool which can be used to elucidate the dominant control of aeolian sediment state on the construction and evolution of aeolian dune‐field patterns.  相似文献   

四川盆地江油厚坝油砂有机地球化学特征与成因研究   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

罗茂  耿安松  廖泽文  单玄龙 《地球化学》2011,40(3):280-288

四川江油厚坝油砂产出于侏罗系沙溪庙组下段,含油砂层沿北东方向延伸约25 km.露头和岩芯油砂样抽提得到氯仿沥青“A”含量为0.4％～33％.抽提物饱和烃GC-MS分析得到的分子有机地球化学特征表明,油砂油遭受严重生物降解,饱和烃分布呈现双大鼓包,正构烷烃和异构烷烃基木被降解;三环萜烷含量丰富,孕甾烷和升孕甾烷含最也较高...  相似文献   

SR-28地热井坍塌卡钻事故的处理          下载免费PDF全文

李振杰  徐云鹏  王平  宗振海 《探矿工程》2011,38(9):49-51

就SR-28地热井出现的由坍塌引起的卡钻事故原因进行了分析,针对事故原因分别采用了套铣、测卡、爆炸松扣等技术手段进行了处理,并取得了成功。介绍了该井事故的处理技术措施。  相似文献